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Symptoms and Causes
The cause of prostate cancer remains unknown. Several factors associated with a higher rate of prostate cancer, however, have been identified. The risk of developing prostate cancer increases as a man ages. Almost all patients with prostate cancer are older than 50 years old and 80 percent are over age 65. For reasons not currently known, black Americans have the highest incidence rate in the world. A family history of prostate cancer in a brother or father also doubles one΄s chances of getting prostate cancer. There is no convincing evidence to date that diet and nutrition play a role in developing prostate cancer.
In the very early stages of prostate cancer there usually are no symptoms. When symptoms do develop, they vary according to the size and location of the tumor, and are often the same as those for benign prostate conditions. In fact, it is more likely that any of these symptoms would indicate prostate enlargement (known as benign prostatic hypertrophy), infection or other conditions rather than cancer. Still, a physician should check any symptom. Only a physician conducting the proper tests can determine for sure whether the condition is cancerous or benign. Symptoms of prostate problems include:
Weak or interrupted urine flow;
Inability to urinate;
Difficulty in starting or stopping urination;
Need to urinate frequently, especially at night;
Blood in the urine;
Painful or burning urination;
Continuing pain in lower back, pelvis or upper thighs.
Every man over the age of 40 should have a digital rectal examination as part of his regular annual physical checkup. A gloved, lubricated finger is inserted into the rectum to feel any irregular or abnormally firm area that may indicate the presence of a tumor. Almost all prostate cancers begin in the part of the prostate gland that can be felt during a rectal examination. This exam also helps detect early rectal cancers.
In addition, the American Cancer Society recommends that men aged 50 and older have an annual prostate specific antigen blood test (PSA). If there is a family history (father or brother), screening should begin at age 40. If either digital rectal examination or the prostate specific blood test is abnormal, further evaluation should be considered. See the American Cancer Society's information on prostate cancer.
Men over the age of 40 should also stay alert to any of the urinary problems and painful conditions that could be symptoms of prostate cancer. If any of these symptoms are noticed, call our office immediately.
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