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Evaluation and Diagnosis
Every man over the age of 40 should have a digital rectal examination as part of his regular annual physical checkup. A gloved, lubricated finger is inserted into the rectum to feel any irregular or abnormally firm area that may indicate the presence of a tumor. Almost all prostate cancers begin in the part of the prostate gland that can be felt during a rectal examination. This exam also helps detect early rectal cancers.
In addition, the American Cancer Society recommends that men aged 50 and older have an annual prostate specific antigen blood test (PSA). If there is a family history (father or brother), screening should begin at age 40. If either digital rectal examination or the prostate specific blood test is abnormal, further evaluation should be considered. See the American Cancer Society´s information on prostate cancer.
Men over the age of 40 should also stay alert to any of the urinary problems and painful conditions that could be symptoms of prostate cancer. If any of these symptoms are noticed, call our office immediately.
Removal of a small tissue sample and its examination under a microscope (a procedure known as a biopsy) is the ONLY way to determine conclusively if a growth is cancerous. For prostate cancer, tissue samples are usually obtained by inserting an ultrasound probe into the rectum to visualize the prostate on a TV monitor. A thin needle is placed through the probe into the prostate. This procedure is known as needle biopsy. No anesthesia is needed for a needle biopsy of the prostate. It is an outpatient procedure usually done in our office.
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