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Overview
Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a puzzling, chronic inflammatory condition of the bladder that causes frequent, urgent, and painful urination and pelvic discomfort. The natural lining of the bladder (epithelium) is protected from toxins in the urine by a layer of protein called glycoaminoglycan (GAG). The predominant theory is that, in IC, this protective layer breaks down, allowing toxins to irritate the bladder wall. The bladder then becomes inflamed and tender and cannot store urine well. Interstitial cystitis is unlike common cystitis (inflammation of the bladder caused by bacterial infection), which frequently accompanies a urinary tract infection (UTI) and is usually treated with antibiotics. The cause of IC, however, is unknown. IC is not contagious and does not spread in the body.
IC is not categorized by type, but it manifests differently. Dietary changes relieve symptoms for some, but not all. Frequency of urination varies from 10 to more than 50 times a day in severe cases. Some people experience chronic pelvic pain, while others do not. Though not curable, IC is treatable and most patients find some relief with treatment and lifestyle changes.
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