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Symptoms and Causes
The most common cause of balanitis is poor hygiene, but other factors contribute to this condition as well. Diabetes, incontinence, and recent antibiotic use may increase the chances of developing this condition. A specific yeast called Candida albicans is responsible for many cases of balanitis and most patients are treated for this empirically. Conditions, such as sexually transmitted diseases, contact dermatitis (an inflammatory reaction to a chemical irritant or allergen), injury to the glans, or other more rare conditions, including cancer of the penis, may be similar in appearance to balanitis.
Redness, swelling, and tenderness of the glans and/or foreskin characterize balanitis. In some instances there may be pustules, ulcerations, or white patches on the glans or foreskin. Inability to retract the foreskin may also be evidence of previous or current inflammation. A foreskin that does not slide back over the head of the penis after it has been withdrawn (especially in the presence of inflammation) can cause a serious and painful condition in which blood flow to the glans is restricted. If this occurs it will be necessary to contact a doctor immediately.
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